Metric spaces with discrete topological fundamental group

The Fundamental Algebraic Group of Topological Spaces

In the study of topology, we are often interested in understanding and classifying the internal structure of topological spaces. Algebraic topology is the application of abstract algebra to topology in order to further identify the structure of topological spaces by developing a correspondence between topological spaces and certain groups called homotopy groups. In this paper, we will examine t...

Metric and Topological Spaces

Small print The syllabus for the course is defined by the Faculty Board Schedules (which are minimal for lecturing and maximal for examining). What is presented here contains some results which it would not, in my opinion, be fair to set as book-work although they could well appear as problems. In addition, I have included a small amount of material which appears in other 1B courses. I should v...

Metric and Topological Spaces

On the topological equivalence of some generalized metric spaces

‎The aim of this paper is to establish the equivalence between the concepts‎ ‎of an $S$-metric space and a cone $S$-metric space using some topological‎ ‎approaches‎. ‎We introduce a new notion of a $TVS$-cone $S$-metric space using‎ ‎some facts about topological vector spaces‎. ‎We see that the known results on‎ ‎cone $S$-metric spaces (or $N$-cone metric spaces) can be directly obtained‎ from...

Some topological properties of fuzzy strong b-metric spaces

‎In this study‎, ‎we investigate topological properties of fuzzy strong‎ b-metric spaces defined in [13]‎. ‎Firstly‎, ‎we prove Baire's theorem for‎ ‎these spaces‎. ‎Then we define the product of two fuzzy strong b-metric spaces‎ ‎defined with same continuous t-norms and show that $X_{1}times X_{2}$ is a‎ ‎complete fuzzy strong b-metric space if and only if $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ are‎ ‎complete fu...